The historic town of Wallingford is within the walls of the Earth, first thrown into the reign of Alfred The Great or Edward The Elder as a precaution against Danish attacks. Wallingford was once considered to be a Roman town because the walls surrounded a rectangular area, and the street followed a grid pattern. Rampart can still continue to the Sanriku side, but there is no evidence of any artificial defense facing the river. The walls were raised during the Norman period, but the town was then in economic decline and the wood storage lined up at the summit was never replaced with stone.
The northeast quarter of the town's enclosure became the site of the Wallingford Castle. William Conqueror crossed the River Thames here in 1066, during his march in London, where he might have established a castle by passing. It certainly existed by 1071. This important royal fortress fell into the hands of the Empress Matilda during anarchy and resisted Stephen with three major sieges. The platform of the siege at this time can be seen across the river.
The castle showed its strength again in the civil war. Virtually the end of the war--it resisted the power of parliament until July 1646 and subsequently surrendered gracefully. Six years later, it was destroyed as a potentially dangerous base. The large domotte and baileys, including civil engineering work, still had quite an impression but almost all the masonry disappeared.
Many British kings have contributed to the defense, especially Henry II and John, bringing a shell and an impressive castle on top of Mott and two towering curtains, and a section of the outer Rampart, in the public garden It carries the length of the wall and the excavation of one round tower. The castle house now occupies the inner Bailey.
Upner Castle
Upnor Castle belongs to the genre of Hennician cobastal forts, but with the addition of Elizabethan in the chain. It started in 1599 to defend Chatham's approach to the new dockyard. Sir Richard-Lee suspended work on the Berwick-on-Tweed fortress to design the fort, but construction continued for years. 1599-161,
Upnor expanded, but had to wait until 1667 to face enemy action. In that year, the Dutch entered Medway, under de Ruyter Admiral, and fired on many of the British fleet. The castle could not provide any effective resistance, and a new chain of defense was launched the following year, forcing the role of Upnor warehouses and magazines Some military occupation, the second It continued until the next world war.
As originally conceived, the castle comprises a rectangular blockhouse set in the middle of the curious screen wall ending at each end of the staircase turret, this building provides accommodation for the garrison, Defense was concentrated on the low pointed fortress facing Medway.
The pointed fortress was conceived as a defense against Renaissance Italian cannons. Sir Richard-Lee has built several along Berwick's new walls, but the Upnor fortress does not have the characteristic "arrowhead" plans that arise from the narrow collar. There is no need to configure that riverside. However, as only one side of the fortress faces the river, there was insufficient gun storage for the approaching fleet to fire effectively.
The late Elizabethan expansion provided protection to the land side. A walled courtyard was created in front of the blockhouse, with a tower where new curtains join the screen wall. The courtyard is entered through the gate tower which preserves the traditional obstacles of the drawbridge.
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